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Front matter for Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names:

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Gale A. Norton, Secretary

UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

Leo I. Dillon, Chairman
Robert M. Hiatt, Vice Chairman

Department of AgricultureE. Vaughn Stokes, member
Elizabeth K. Banas, deputy

Department of CommerceCurtis C. Loy, member
Joseph L. Marinucci, deputy
Nancy G. Schechtman, deputy

Department of DefenseJohn T. Fahey, member
Edward F. Chabot, deputy
Richard B. Nethercutt, deputy

Department of the InteriorBarbara J. Ryan, member
Charles E. Harne, deputy
Karen R. Wood, deputy
Lee Fleming, deputy
Bernard C. Fagan, deputy
Bonnie J. Gallahan, deputy

Department of StateLeo I. Dillon, member
Raymond Milefsky, deputy

Central Intelligence AgencyR. David Wert, member
Gregory W. Boughton, deputy

Government Printing OfficeVACANT, member
William J. Milans, deputy

Library of CongressRonald E. Grim, member
Robert M. Hiatt, deputy
John R. Hébert, deputy

Postal ServiceMichael C. Garner, member
Susan Hawes, deputy

Executive Secretary to the Board

and

Executive Secretary for Domestic Names

Roger L. Payne

U.S. Geological Survey


FOREWORD

Confusion and controversy about geographic names and their applications to places and features led President Benjamin Harrison to establish the U.S. Board on Geographic Names in 1890. That early Executive Order was based on a recognition that conflicts in naming geographic features were, in fact, a serious detriment to the orderly process of exploring and settling this country. A later decision, in 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt to extend the responsibilities of the Board to include standardization of all geographic names for Federal use was a wise and far-reaching decision that, coupled with the Harrison order, forms the foundation for the present organization of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names established in Public Law 80-242, signed by President Truman in 1947.

The existence of a body of standardized geographic names widely available on a national basis, but related strongly to local usage, makes a large contribution to savings and efficiency in the operation of government, business and industry, communications, and education. The U.S. Board on Geographic Names is at the hub of a national network of State and academic geographic names authorities who are working hard and continuously to improve that body of names by approving new names in a responsible manner and changing or correcting existing names.

The names of geographic features in the United States are a valuable reflection of the history of our country and its changing face. Names of Native American origin are found sprinkled generously across the face of the land. Strong traces of the national languages spoken by the early explorers and settlers are visible in many sections of the country, often with an accommodation in pronunciation based on local usage. Frequently, geographic naming reveals the rough and brawling nature of the environment that greeted the westward expansion. It is in these ways and many others that geographic naming gives us a clear, exciting profile of the United States that is unmatched in any other medium.




Robert M. Hiatt
Chairman, Domestic
Names Committee, U.S.
Board on Geographic Names
Leo I. Dillon
Chairman, U.S. Board on Geographic Names


Executive Order
As it is desirable that uniform usage in regard to geographic nomenclature and orthography obtain throughout the Executive Departments of the Government, and particularly upon the maps and charts issued by the various departments and bureaus, I hereby constitute a Board on Geographic Names and designate the following persons, who have heretofore co-operated for a similar purpose under the authority of the several departments, bureaus, and institutions with which they are connected, as members of said Board:

Prof. Thomas C. Mendenhall, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Chairman.
Andrew H. Allen, Department of State.
Capt. Henry L. Howison, Light-House Board, Treasury Department.
Capt. Thomas Turtle, Engineer Corps, War Department.
Lieut. Richardson Clover, Hydrographic Office, Navy Department.
Pierson H. Bristow, Post-Office Department.
Otis T. Mason, Smithsonian Institution.
Herbert G. Ogden, United State Coast and Geodetic Survey
Henry Gannett, United States Geological Survey.
Marcus Baker, United States Geological Survey.

To this Board shall be referred all unsettled questions concerning geographic names which arise in the Departments, and the decisions of the Board are to be accepted by these Departments as the standard authority in such matters.

Department officers are instructed to afford such assistance as may be proper to carry on the work of this Board.

The members of this Board shall serve without additional compensation, and its organization shall entail no expense on the Government.

BENJ. HARRISON.
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
          September 4, 1890.


On March 18, 1890, key persons in several Federal agencies concerned about the lack of geographic names uniformity on Government maps and other publications met at the invitation of Professor Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, Superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. After several meetings during which procedures and principles of name standardization were formulated, it was realized that the program would be more effective with broader support. The issue was taken to President Benjamin Harrison, who agreed with the objectives of the Board. On September 4, 1890, he issued an Executive Order officially establishing the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

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